Game of Life

Umdlalo we-Life of Life, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Life, yi-automaton eyakhiwe isazi sezibalo saseBrithani uJohn Horton Conway ngo-1970.

Umdlalo ngumdlalo woku-zero-player, okusho ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwawo kunqunywa yisimo sawo sokuqala, akudingi ukufaka okunye okokufaka. Umuntu uxhumana ne- Game of Life ngokwakha ukucushwa kokuqala nokubuka ukuthi ivela kanjani, noma, kubadlali abathuthukile, ngokwakha amaphethini anezakhiwo ezithile.

Imithetho

Umkhathi we-Game of Life uyigridi engenamkhawulo, enemigqa emibili noma emibili yamangqamuzana ayisikwele, ngalinye lisesigabeni esisodwa kwezimbili okungenzeka, eziphila noma ezifile, (noma ezinabantu abaningi futhi ezingavinjelwanga, ngokulandelana). Sonke iseli lixhumana nomakhelwane baso abayisishiyagalombili, okungamaseli angaphezulu, ngokuqondile, noma eduze. Esinyakazweni ngasinye ngesikhathi, kwenzeka okulandelayo:

  1. Noma isiphi iseli bukhoma esinomakhelwane abaphilayo abangaphansi kwababili siyafa, njengokungathi singaphansi kweningi.
  2. Noma yisiphi iseli elibukhoma elinomakhelwane ababili noma abathathu abaphilayo bahlala esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.
  3. Noma yisiphi iseli elibukhoma elinomakhelwane abangaphezu kwabathathu abaphilayo bayafa, njengokungathi landa kakhulu.
  4. Noma isiphi iseli efile nomakhelwane abathathu abaphilayo siba yiseli bukhoma, njengokungathi ngokuzalwa kabusha.

Iphethini yokuqala yakha imbewu yohlelo. Isizukulwane sokuqala sidalwa ngokusebenzisa imithetho engenhla ngasikhathi sinye kuyo yonke ingqamuzana elikuyo imbewu; Ukuzalwa nokufa kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye, futhi umzuzu ophansi lapho lokhu kwenzeka kwesinye isikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi umkhaza. Isizukulwane ngasinye siwumsebenzi ocwengekile owedlule. Imithetho iyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kaninginingi ukudala ezinye izizukulwane.


Ngasekupheleni kuka-1940, uJohn von Neumann wachaza impilo njengendalo (njengesidalwa noma isidalwa) esingaziveza kabusha futhi silingise umshini we-Turing. UVon Neumann ubecabanga ngesisombululo sobunjiniyela esizosebenzisa izakhi ze-elekthronikhi ezintanta ngokungenamsoco kuketshezi noma kugesi.Lokhu kungenzekanga ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obunengqondo abukhona ngaleso sikhathi. UStanislaw Ulam wasungula i-automata yamaselula, okwakuhloswe ngayo ukulingisa ukwakhiwa kwe-electromagnetic ka-von Neumann. U-Ulam uxoxe ngokusebenzisa amakhompyutha ukulingisa i-automata yakhe yeselula epanini elinamacala amabili emaphepheni amaningana. Ngokuhambisana, uVon Neumann uzame ukwakha i-automatic ye-cellular ka-Ulam. Yize aphumelela, ubematasa namanye amaphrojekthi futhi washiya eminye imininingwane engachaziwe. Ukwakha kwakhe bekuyinkimbinkimbi ngoba bezama ukulingisa owakhe unjiniyela wobunjiniyela.

Eshukunyiswa yimibuzo enkulumweni yezibalo nangxenye ngokusebenza ngemidlalo yokulingisa ka-Ulam, phakathi kokunye, uJohn Conway waqala ukwenza izivivinyo ngonyaka we-1968 ngemithetho ehlukahlukene ye-2D yama-mobileular automaton. [3] Inhloso yokuqala kaConway bekuwukuchaza i-automaton yeselula ehehayo futhi engacabangi. Ngakho-ke, wayefuna ukumiswa okuthile kuhlale isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kufe, ezinye izilungiselelo ziqhubeke unomphela ngaphandle kokuvumela imijikelezo, njll. Kwakuyinselelo enkulu nenkinga evulekile yeminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ochwepheshe kuma-automatons eselula bakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi, impela, I-Game of Life kaConway yavuma ukulungiswa okwakukhona ngomqondo wokwanelisa izidingo ezimbili zikaVon Neumann. Ngenkathi izincazelo ezenziwa ngaphambi kokuPhila kukaConway beziqondiswe ebufakazini, ukwakhiwa kukaConway kuhlose ukucaca ngaphandle kwesisekelo esinikeza ubufakazi ukuthi i-automaton yayiphila.

UConway ukhethe imithetho yakhe ngokucophelela, ngemuva kokuzama okukhulu, ukuze ahlangabezane nalezi zindlela:

1.Akufanele kube nokukhula okuqhumayo.
2. Kufanele kube namaphethini amancane okuqala anemiphumela yezinxushunxushu, engalindeleki.
3.Kufanele kube khona amandla okwakha i-von Neumann abakhi bendawo yonke.
4. Imithetho kumele ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka, ngenkathi unamathela kulezi zingqinamba ezingenhla.

Amaphethini amaningi ku-Game of Life ekugcineni aba yinhlanganisela yabantu abasaphila, ama-oscillator, kanye nemikhumbi-mkhathi; amanye amaphethini angabizwa ngokuthi chaotic. Iphethini ingahlala isiphithiphithi isikhathi eside kakhulu kuze kube yilapho ihlala inhlanganisela enjalo.